The Science of Disc Herniations / Bulges
Disc herniation occurs when the inner gel-like nucleus pushes through tears in the outer annulus. This can compress nerve roots or the spinal cord. The herniated material also releases inflammatory substances that irritate nerves. Most herniations occur at L4-5 and L5-S1 levels in the lower back, or C5-6 and C6-7 in the neck.